in recent months , the name of an unknown virus so far in latin america began to circulate : the zika , also known as zikav or zikv . in february 2015, the brazilian authorities began investigating an outbreak of skin rashes affecting six states in the northeast region of the country. but it was in may that the brazilian health ministry confirmed after virus circulation identified in 16 samples in two of these states : bahia and rio grande do norte. that same month, another case was detected in the state of sao paulo , in a person with no travel history . according to the european centre for disease prevention and control , this is the first outbreak of the disease has been documented in latin america. what is zika ?the zika virus is caused by the bite of a mosquito and is classified as an arbovirus belonging to the genus flavivirus , which are those invertebrate animals such as mosquitoes and ticks transmit it to humans. the zika is similar to dengue, yellow fever, west nile virus and japanese encephalitis .it is transmitted after the bite of an aedes mosquito genus , as the aedes aegypti mosquito that causes dengue. source zikathe virus was identified in 1947 for the first time in uganda, specifically in the forests of zika . it was discovered in a rhesus monkey when a study of the transmission of yellow fever in the jungle was performed. serological analysis confirmed infection in humans in uganda and tanzania in 1952 , but it was in 1968 that the virus was isolated in samples from people in nigeria.
genetic analyzes have shown that there are two major lineages in the virus : the african and the asian. incubation time usually between 3 and 12 days. after this period , the symptoms appear . however , infection can also occur without symptoms . according to a study published in the medical journal the new england , one in four people develop symptoms . symptoms generally they last between four to seven days and can be confused with dengue . in cases where the signs that reveal the disease are mild , the person may have a fever of less than 39 รข° c , headache , weakness , muscle and joint pain , inflammation usually concentrated in the hands and feet , conjunctivitis nonpurulent , lower limb edema and rash , which tends to begin in the face and then spreads throughout the body . less often vomiting , diarrhea , abdominal pain and loss of appetite occur . neurological complications and autoimmune have been outstanding so far because it only were in french polynesia .
treatment there is no vaccine or specific treatment for zika , only symptomatic management consisting of rest and take acetaminophen or paracetamol to control fever. the use of aspirin is not recommended because of the risk of bleeding that entails. it also advises eating plenty of fluids to alleviate that is lost for different reasons. to deal with the itch caused by the eruption can be used antihistamines . you need to stay away from the patient at least during the first week of the disease to avoid contagion . prevention as transmission occurs through the bite of a mosquito, the use of mosquito nets impregnated with insecticide can and installation of mosquito nets if they are not have one.the use of mosquito nets is recommended in cases that have already contracted the virus or to prevent they should use repellents with icaridin and clothing that covers extremities, so there is less chance of getting a bite .
the risk for the continent lies in the potential transmission of the disease, which is that virus -carrying mosquitoes live in the region and the population density of the same .
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